1984 War Is Peace - 995 Words

1984 essay. War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. This is the slogan of the Ministry of Truth, a branch of the totalitarian government in post-war London. The figurehead of this government is Big Brother, who employs a vast army of informers called the Thought Police who watch and listen to every citizen at all times through a device called a telescreen for the least signs of criminal deviation or unorthodox thoughts. This novel, like Orwell’s earlier work Animal Farm and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, is an example of anti-utopian fiction, that kind of fiction which shows man at the mercy of some force over which he has no control. Anti-utopian novels are usually intended as a criticism of the time in which†¦show more content†¦The bewildering and anti-human experience of a person living in a totalitarian state is likely to bring about the kind of alienation apparent in 1984. Winston, the most obvious example, is severely cut off from the outside worl d. Alone and lonely, he feels alienated from his family, his neighbors, and the rest of society. Even with Julia, Winston does not find someone who shares the same thoughts and opinions that he does. He hates women and children. The Party’s war against love and sex for purposes other than reproduction has succeeded in cutting off Winston from half of the human race. As a result of the Party’s oppression, Winston’s psychological and sexual life has been crippled. Winston is able to perform his duties for the Party without thought or question, but inwardly he represses every contrary or unorthodox thought in the vain hope that he will not be discovered by the Thought Police. Secretly he despises the mindless Party members who are so intellectually and spiritually brainwashed that they can be easily led and made to do anything. Winston’s diary is his attempt to leave behind some record of the evils of him, yet he is unable to write anything more than ramblin g incoherence’s, as he has alienated himself from his own feelings. Winston does not actively or consciously estrange himself from the rest of society. Rather, his alienation is a passive response to a world he cannot endure, and he effectivelyShow MoreRelated1984: War Is Peace1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe past was erased, the erasure was forgotten, the lie became truth. In the novel 1984 by George Orwell, Winston undergoes a metamorphosis of character, which changes his life forever. At first Winston is just like everyone else, a dull drone of the party. Then he changes his ideals and becomes true to himself with obvious rebellion towards party principles and standards. Finally, Winston is brainwashed and is turned against himself and his feelings and is made to love the party. ThisRead More 1984: War is Peace Essay978 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The past was erased, the erasure was forgotten, the lie became truth.† In the novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, Winston undergoes a metamorphosis of character, which changes his life forever. At first Winston is just like everyone else, a dull drone of the party. Then he changes his ideals and becomes true to himself with obvious rebellion towards party principles and standards. Finally, Winston is brainwashed and is turned against himself and his feelings and is made to love the party. This is aRead MoreHunger Games And 1984 By George Orwell852 Words   |  4 PagesHunger Games vs 1984 The novel 1984 by George Orwell is based in a totalitarian society where the inner party controls the rest of Oceania. This storyline is very similar to the modern day story of The Hunger Games. Themes in 1984 such as Big Brother, the Inner Party, Telescreens, Thought Police, and Rebels are all also portrayed in The Hunger Games. Both stories follow the journey of the main character that is also the rebel in the story. There are many modern day stories that model the dystopianRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagesmankind, yet it is difficult find one that is perfect even till today. George Orwell shows an example of this within 1984. 1984 was written based on what Orwell thought the government would be like in 1984. He used his personal knowledge and experience with the government to create his story. The setting of 1984 is set in a superstate where there is a totalitarian government. Within 1984 and the 21st century one major key stands out: corr uption rules both governments. Trust is part of a foundationRead MoreCritical Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell1257 Words   |  6 Pages1984 by George Orwell sets the overall eerie tone of the book early on. â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU† (Orwell 3). In the book this was the statement was put on a poster of big brothers face. Firstly this is an example of metonymy. In the statement the term â€Å"BIG BROTHER† isn’t referring to how big brother very closely related to the thought police. The thought police is the organization that monitors the inner and outer party members. Secondly this can be looked through a postmodernist lens as theRead More1984 and Now1451 Words   |  6 Pages1984 AND NOW 1984  : Newspeak Now  : Politically Correct speech 1984  : The red sash of the Junior Anti-Sex League Now  : The red ribbon of the Anti-Aids celibacy league 1984  : Telescreens in every room. The programming runs 24 hours a day, and the proles have no way of turning their screens off. Now  : Televisions in every room. The programming runs 24 hours a day, and the proles rarely turn their screens off. 1984  : Telescreens in all public and private places, so the populace could beRead MoreComparing Orwells 1984 to Todays Government Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages 1984 has come and gone. The cold war is over. The collapse of oppressive totalitarian regimes leads to the conclusion that these governments by their nature generate resistance and are doomed to failure. The fictional world of George Orwells novel, 1984, is best described as hopeless; a nightmarish dystopia where the omnipresent State enforces perfect conformity among members of a totalitarian Party through indoctrination, propaganda, fear, and ruthless punishment. In the aftermath of the fallRead MoreA Literary Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell721 Words   |  3 Pagesbook â€Å"1984 by George Orwell† it was written in 1948 as a thriller. Winston Smith is the main character of this story followed by two characters â€Å"Julia and O’Brien.† The book starts off with main character Winston being very frustrated with what is called the â€Å"Party† lead by a man named â€Å"Big Brother† hints the saying â€Å"big brother is watching you† from â€Å"George Orwells worst fear† stated by express.co.uk. the book takes you for a ride through what the author believes will happen by the year 1984 he statsRead MoreGeorge Orwell s 1984 Power1426 Words   |  6 PagesIn George Orwell’s 1984 Power is gained most effectively through control, fear and violence. Compared to a government like that of America’s, 1984 creates a more threatening structure of government where the public is limited from freedom and happiness. 1984 shows a world of a society where only the upper class has power and freedom from the harsh treatment that the general population receives. The idea of Big Bother makes the population of Oceania believe they are being watched over by a powerfulRead MoreAnalysis Of 1984 , Untruths, Myths And False Data Controls The Reasoning Of The Natives886 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 4 1984 In 1984, untruths, myths and false data controls the reasoning of the natives. The Party utilizes purposeful publicity as the deadliest weapon of control. Promulgation builds the residents resolve and makes them surmise that what the gathering instructs them to do is constantly right. There are principally two sorts of purposeful publicity, one changes truth, purported doublethink, and another makes dread. Doublespeak can be seen much of the time in the realm of 1984. The gathering

Essay on Humanism, Behaviorism, and the Cognitive Theory

Humanism, behaviorism, and the cognitive theory Depending on how you look at it humanists, behaviorists, and cognitivists can be very different or very much alike. When looking at the three side by side humanists are the least structured, behaviorists are the most structured, and cognitivists fall somewhere in between. Each theory has its own ideas and ways of learning. Humanism believes learning occurs primarily through reflection on personal experiences. Cognitivism thinks learning occurs primarily through exposure to logically presented information. Finally behaviorism believes learning occurs primarily through the reinforcement of desired responses (Kramlinger Huberty, 2003). Our society is very dependent on rewards such as†¦show more content†¦Humanists believe that people are influenced by their self-perceptions and personal meanings attached to their experiences. The humanist theory helps to develop critical thinking, judgment, and creativity. They encourage to empower and take control over their learning pr ocesses not be just concentrating on the reward at the end They encourage people to look into themselves for the answers to their questions. Behaviorists believe the exact opposite. They believe we are solely the product of our environment, and by controlling rewards and punishments you can shape the behavior of another person. Humanists also believe in stimulating people though asking question to help them draw on their past experiences to extract lessons (DeMar, 2007). The cognitive theory also believes in learning from prior experiences. They believe prior experiences, knowledge, and expectations are key to learning (Learnativity, 2002). The cognitive theory has a great way of thinking. Many self-help books have been written on the cognitive point-of-view. They believe that by changing our thoughts we can change our mood, decrease our anxiety, or improve our relationships. By thinking more positively we can easily quit smoking, make more friends, enjoy our job, pretty mu ch do anything we set our mind to. Their basic premise is, if we perceive the glass as half full rather than half empty, the world will look much brighter. And in aShow MoreRelatedApplying Learning Theory Of Life1507 Words   |  7 Pages Applying Learning Theory to Life Kristen Lewis PSY331: Psychology of Learning Nina Dulabaum 2 Feb 2015 Introduction: Learning can be defined as a lasting change in behavior of an entity that is down to the experience gained by the entity. The basic purpose of this paper is to apply the learning principles to by presenting and teaching the information to others in the workforce, to help people learn in the best way. We have to choose the best methods and best principles of learningRead MoreApplying Learning Theories Of Learning1469 Words   |  6 Pages Applying Learning Theory to Life PSY 331 Catherine Vivi Ashford University Instructor: Steven Peters February 9, 2015 â€Æ' Applying Learning Theory to Life Epistemology, or in other words, the theory of knowledge, is the study of knowledge, what it is, how we acquire it, and our justifiable beliefs that are included in that study. Generally, the study of knowledge is done through a philosophical method. There are four basic theories of learning; those are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivismRead MoreBehaviorism, Cognitive, and Humanistic Essay example906 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviorism, Cognitive and Humanistic All Summed Up Janice M. Brown Aspects of Psychology Professor Trego November 8, 2012 Behaviorism, Cognitive, and Humanistic Behaviorism, cognitive and humanistic are all perspectives (or theories) of psychology. Behaviorism is a perspective that suggests that all behaviors are learned. What I mean by that is according to John B. Watson who founded the school of psychology, suggests the behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. [ (Cherry, 2012)Read MoreSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pagesand psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. While Freud is perhaps best known for his tripartite model of the mind, consisting of the id, ego, and superego, and his theories about the Oedipus complex, hisRead MoreThe Four Paradigms Of The Four Major Paradigms Of Psychology968 Words   |  4 Pagesplacement of the theories will be discussed thoroughly and efficiently. Each of the theories was placed on a spectrum that measured whether they were more influenced by heredity or environment. Some, as many can see, can fit into both sides of the spectrum. There are many factors that are involved in the process, and each are important variables in personality and the evolution of humanity. Four Paradigms of Psychology NATURE-Psycho-analytic/dynamic-Social-Cognitive-Behavioral-Humanism-NURTURE Psycho-analytic/dynamicRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words   |  5 Pagespsychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. The first stream of well-founded thought this was structuralism was defended by Wilhelm Wundt. Immediately other theories began to emerge and compete for dominance in psychology. In the past, psychologists often identified exclusively with one school of thought, through time this has changed. Today, most psychologists have an eclectic vision of psychology. Often they based only on ideas and theories from different schools rather than searchRead MoreThe Field of Psychology840 Words   |  3 Pagespsychological research. Addiction can be examined from a biological approach, a family systems approach, a behavioral approach, a cognitive approach, or a humanistic approach. These various approaches to psychological research are rooted in theoretical viewpoints. Psychological theories include behaviorism, humanism, and social learning. Moreover, the different psychological theories are not always incompatible with one another. Psychological research is made more robust and reliable because of its diversityRead MoreDifferent Views And Opinions About Free Will962 Words   |  4 PagesPsychologists, Cognitive Psychologists, and Evolutionary Psychologists all have different thoughts about the question of free will. An example of this is that B.F. Skinner, a behaviourist, and Albert Bandura, a Cognitive Psychologist, believe very different things about the idea of free will. An apparent advantage of behaviorism is that it has the ability to clearly define behavior and measure changes in behavior. According to the law of parsimony, the fewer assumptions a theory makes, the moreRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagespersonalities. Dementia is a loss of brain function that affects thinking, memory, behavior, language, and judgment. This disorder causes difficulties in mental functioning. Dementia first appears as forgetfulness; later Mild Cognitive Impairment sets in. Mild cognitive impairment is the period between normal forgetfulness and the development of dementia. Early symptoms of dementia are misplacing items, not remembering familiar routes, a loss of interest in enjoyable activities and personalityRead MoreThe Debate On Nature Versus Nurture Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesare the Biological approach, Psychoanalysis, Cognitive Psychology, Humanism, and Behaviorism. The Biological approach is strongly related to nature. It states that it focuses on genetic, hormonal, and neurochemical explanations on behavior. Psychoanalysis is related to Nature but not as much as the Biological approach. Psychoanalysis states that innate drives aggression and sex (Nature) but also that social upbringing during childhood (Nurture). Cognitive Psychology is a balance between Nature and

Analysis and Critique of Research †Based Literature Free Essays

I. Summary of Hofstede’s Model of Cross-Cultural Management Early management gurus used to presume that their ideas on management apply to everybody all over the world. Their notions were challenged when the Japanese became a world economic superpower, along with the significant rise of dragons and tigers economies. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis and Critique of Research – Based Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now The notion that management principles are not universally applicable across all cultural boundaries soon emerged and began to develop itself through various cross-cultural studies, such as Lane and Beamish’s (1990) study on western companies that built joint-ventures with people from other nations, without considering the differences in their management cultures and thought that it would be sufficient in dealing with global competition problems. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not Salvation One study that stood out from the others came from Geert Hofstede (1980a), who defined culture as: â€Å"†¦the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another†¦the interactive aggregate of common characteristics that influences a human group’s response to its environment†. Richards (2001) mentioned that Hofstede’s study was focused on the differences in ‘mental programming’ among groups of people in different nations, through their collective preferences on certain states of affairs over others. His study was conducted through a questionnaire survey on IBM’s employees in fifty nations and his analysis was based on comparative data from that survey. Hofstede’s empirical study would then strengthen the belief that western, particularly American, management practices could not directly be applied on management from different cultures, which are based on different values. Geert Hofstede identified four levels of social attachments through which culture displays itself: symbols; heroes; rituals and values. Among said levels, values play the biggest part in explaining cultural differences. Hofstede further identified five primary value dimensions from which a pecking order can be established for each target country. These dimensions are: 1. Individualism versus Collectivism: The way in which people live together and the relationship that exists between the individual and the collectivity. 2. Large versus Small Power Distance: The extent to which a society accepts or rejects inequalities in such areas as prestige, wealth and power, or hierarchy versus equality. 3. Strong versus Weak Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which culture cope with uncertainty or unstructured situations, and encourage risk-taking, through technology, law and religion (risk avoidance versus risk comfort). 4. Masculinity versus Femininity: Attitudes to quality of life, achievement, assertiveness and competition (task versus relationship). 5. Long-term Orientation (Confucian work Dynamism): Value persistence (perseverance); having a sense of shame rather than guilt; search for virtue, rather than truth; long-term approach to life; and ordering relations by status and observation of it. Hofstede then placed countries within the above dimensions and found that a culture in one country makes people from that country to more likely behave in a certain way than other. This research was found to be very enlightening (Richards, 2001, p. 172), especially in paving the way to look deeper into the differences in cultural values and norms. In his 2002 counter-argument made toward McSweeney’s critique, Hofstede (2002, p. 1355) even claimed that his pioneering research had resulted in a ‘paradigm-shift’ in the field of cross-cultural studies. Later on in 1987, he developed what he called as ‘theory T’ (Richards, 2001, p. 178), which core arguments are: 1. The world is unequal and everyone has his/her place within the order. 2. Each of the children has his/her birthright place and has to work on his/her duties accordingly, but can improve his/her position through studying with a good teacher, working with a good patron, and/or marrying a good partner. 3. Wisdom is grounded on tradition. That is why human beings do not like change and will avoid it if he/she can. Trying to find the ideal model for these cultural differences, Hofstede then developed his theory T to a more complex model he called theory T +, which added on to theory T the component of change and the ability within a particular culture to modernize and synergize with other cultures through life experience; commitment to change; capacity to lead to change; and people’s learning capacities (Richards, 2001, pp. 6-17). II. Analysis and Critique The prescribed readings that followed after Richards’ (2001) overview of cultural differences, cultural dimensions and syndromes, through previous academics’ works (Hofstede, Trompenaars and others) and his own teachings on cultural understanding, essentially went back and forth on research credibility issues, including validity in the methodologies that these academics utilized in their research (i. e. Hofstede’s critique on Trompenaars’ research methodologies and its subsequent rebuttal from Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars in readings # 2 and 3 of the reading list, followed by more critique from Hofstede on Trompenaars’ work in reading # 4, and still followed by Brendan McSweeney critique on Hofstede’s own methodology and the quality of his evidence in reading # 5, which sparked another refutation from Hofstede in reading # 6, and still another counter-rebuttal from Sweeney in reading # 7). To this writer, all the above debate was focused on several key issues: 1. All theoretical claims have to be based on analysis grounded on empirical research. 2. Selection of methodology made on an academic’s research could determine the credibility of his/her research and subsequent academic analysis. 3. Research design, along with type of data and instruments to gather said data are exceptionally important in the formation of a researcher’s analysis. . The type of analysis used on a researcher’s database would determine the scope of academic claim he/she could create and how valid those claims would be. This writer’s own doubt on Hofstede’s research is mainly based on whether his sample of 117,000 respondents who participated in his questionnaire survey are homogenous, thus representative enough to the world population that was supposed to be the target population of his research on (world) culture. Unlike McSweeney in reading # 5, however, this writer would give Hofstede the benefit of the doubt on his choice of questionnaire content, which must have played a significant part in determining whether cultural differences could be correctly reflected through the selection of question items. Simply put, should the writer be in Hofstede’s shoes and possess sufficient resources within his grasp, he would probably undertake another survey-based research on a much narrower or tighter ‘cultural’ sub-concept or characteristic, which makes up a larger concept of ‘culture’. How to cite Analysis and Critique of Research – Based Literature, Essays

Rice Without Rain free essay sample

The streets of Calcutta are flooded with rickshaws, shouting vendors, and mangy, mosquito eaten strays. Tin roofed-slums are contrasted by pristine white-washed flats and manicured gardens. Only one site in the entire, overpopulated city holds nature’s wealth. In an array of crystal colors, fruits and vegetables are laid out in bundles and baskets at the open-sky bazaar, ready to be sniffed, grasped, and hopefully, turned into a traditional chutney or soup. During a rail trip out to the countryside, I am lumbering past the bent backs of field hands, who with their stubborn buffalo, brave the arid sun and the voracious mosquitoes. To me it is just bovine scenery, but to the people of India it is their existence. So many lives have been plowed into the rice patties of Nabadeep. Blood has soaked into the red, clay dirt; the donors of that ruby wine have their tired eyes continuously sweeping the sparse sky, eager for it to spill its own jewels to the land. We will write a custom essay sample on Rice Without Rain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, the fate of India and its penurious farmers worries me. The bazaar may one day be destitute of its riches as India’s climate gets dryer and dryer. The monsoon season plagues the land with rain for four continuous months, and then leaves a dry spell for six more. This is particularly hazardous for farmers in India because they generally do not have a large livestock supply on which they may depend on. In these conditions the only crops that can optimally survive are tropical ones such as rice and sugar cane. Fertilizer is still not a popular product in the rural areas, and so animal manure (usually water buffalo or cow) in used as a primitive substitute. While this may be more beneficial for the surrounding wildlife, the manure mixes with runoff and pollutes the waterways of the nation, making water supplies undrinkable and choleric. In many places, such as Karnal, the mother soil has been unskillfully used, and therefore it is bereft of natural minerals and proteins. Right now the only foreseeable option for this rapidly urbanizing nation is sustainable farming. The benefits include year around production, dearth of pests and agricultural diseases, resource recycling, and a cut of transportation costs since all farming would be localized. Crop rotation is the most popular practice, but this is not achievable until Indian farmers begin to variegate their products. Diversity is a difficult process, especially since livestock is not an important industry in India; therefore extensive diversity may not be achievable on an Indian farm. But there are many other feasible techniques, such as the installation of soil covers which lock in moisture, conserve water, and prevent mold and decay. Soil management or matching crops to plots with the ideal nutrient contents can stabilize the plantings and increase their efficiency. Additionally, farmers must be educated further in the use of pesticides. In some cases â€Å"organic† chemicals can be benefic ial because they cut labor costs and increase the durability of soils. Local communities can help by creating a relationship with agricultural neighbors in order to expand the market and increase crop value. Then, eventually the connection between rural and urban communities will also be strengthened and an interregional dependency can be formed and adapted. â€Å"I came out on the chariot of the first gleam of light, and pursued my voyage through the wildernesses of worlds, leaving my track on many a star and planet,† declared Rabindranath Tagore, poet laureate of the East. I hope to leave my track as well, next to the familiar train rails which weave through the jade pastures of my second home. My future will focus on the connections between man and nature, and not specifically on agricultural training; but perhaps this will allow me to consolidate India with its environment through the objectives of environmental stewardship. Environmental stewardship is the foundation f or sustainable farming and it can be achieved with meticulous agricultural practices. India will finally be able to support its failing agricultural population, and at the same time, can improve the ever-changing global environment. Land preservation is necessary to encourage more farming amidst the consuming industrialization. If the Indian government can fulfill its responsibility and sustain its people with domestic dependability, the nation will be able to reap rewards that have not been available to its economy. When one billion civilians receive the benefits of environmentally friendly products, then perhaps sustainable farming will expand and be embraced as a blessing by farmers and consumers alike.